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Azerbaijan has huge potential on manufacture and processing of agricultural production. Favorable climatic conditions of the country and an arrangement in the center of the important transport ways allow development of this sector widely.
More than 50 % of the population is involved in agriculture. Over 70 laws and other statutory acts and documents have been accepted with the purpose of achievement of economic reforms.
From the middle of 90th years, as a result of agricultural reforms there were serious positive transformations to agrarian sector of Azerbaijan (are abolished more than 2000 collective farms, instead of them farms and the joint-stock companies are created).
The volume of imported products of the foodstuffs has decreased from 42 % in 1995 up to 8 % in 2003.
Now lack in technical and the financial resources necessary for the further development of agricultural sector is marked.
It is expressed in shortage of processing and assembly technics, fertilizers, in absence of modern systems of storage of products, in weakness of processing sector, in access to modern technologies, etc. there Is a necessity for development of a rural infrastructure - roads, irrigational systems, electric lines.
Though the state carries out reforms in agriculture of Azerbaijan, mainly existing small farms make production for satisfaction of needs of a domestic market.
The farmers yet have not got stronger and have not reached the highest level. Nevertheless, Azerbaijan, as well as during period till 90th years of 20 centuries, exports a part of fruit and vegetable production to the states of the near abroad.
For today there are greater opportunities for investors to invest into various branches of agriculture of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan's' agricultural production is high-quality, ecologically pure, competitive and has greater export opportunities.
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Wide development cotton-growing in the country has begun with 1971 and has reached manufacture of 600 000 tons of a clap in 1981-1985.
The area under crops for a clap has decreased from 200 thousand hectares in the beginning 90 up to 60 thousand hectares in 2002.
In 2004, 135 thousand tons of a clap was collected in Azerbaijan. As a whole in 2005 crops of cotton in republic have increased by 35 thousand hectares in comparison with the past 2004, and have reached 112 thousand hectares.
Cotton-growing in the country is mainly concentrated on the Kura - Araz lowlands. In Azerbaijan there are many opportunities to increase volumes of cotton-growing.
"Facilities and the enterprises"
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Azerbaijan imports the main part of Grain production. Despite this, in connection with growth of consumption, in last years manufacture of grain has increased.
While in 1991 the grain yield made 1.3 million tons in 2002 it was 2.1 million tons.
In mountain and foothill areas of republic not irrigated grain-growing, in low - irrigated grain-growing is developed.
The basic areas involved in cultivation of grain: Jalilabad, Sabirabad, Shamakhi, Ismayilli, Agjebedi, Shaki, Balakan. The winter wheat and barley is most of all grown up.
Last years crops of grain and fodder corn have considerably increased, the quantity of rice plantations grows.
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Table grades of grapes including a grade "kishmish" were grown up since olden days. Intensive development of wine growing covers the period of the beginning of 70th years of 20th century.
More than 200 grades are grown up (the majority - technical grades). The crop reached 1.5 - 2.0 million tone. As a result of the anti-alcoholic company implemented by the USSR within reorganization (Perestroyka), the majority of vineyards have been destroyed (more than 100 thousand in hectares).
Now wine growing is mainly developed in Jalilabad, Shamakhi, Khanlar and the Kazakh areas.
The area under crops for grapes makes about 10 thousand hectares. Production on the average makes 80 thousand tons.
The state implements a policy of rendering assistance to farmers for restoration of former vineyards. In republic there are all conditions for manufacture of known high-grade ports and other wines which have gained huge popularity in territory of former Soviet Union.
It would be desirable to note, that in territory Ganja - Kazakh, Shamakhi and other regions there are factories on manufacturing wines, which are ready to joint cooperation with foreign partners.
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Fruit growing - one of leading branches in an agriculture of Azerbaijan.
An environment of republic enables to be engaged in fruit growing everywhere.
Fruits - with seed-fruits, stone-fruit, and nuciferous are grown up, citrus, subtropical, etc.
In 2002 the full volume of all kinds of collected fruit production has made more than 500 thousand tons.
The part of fruit production in the fresh and tinned kind is exported to other countries.
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Vegetable growing in Azerbaijan is developed everywhere, plays the important role in agriculture.
The main vegetable-growing zones of republic are Lankaran - Astara (early vegetables) and the Guba - Khachmaz (late vegetables) regions. Up to 70 thousand hectares of the useful grounds are used under vegetable growing.
In 2002 it has been collected about 950 thousand tons of vegetables.
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Sugar beet in republic was grown up till the Soviet period. Cultivation of sugar beet has begun again in the middle of 90th years of the last century in Nakhchivan, Beylagan, Sabirabad, Imishlyand Salyan.
The annual production of sugar beet is up to 50 000 - 60 000 tons. Produced raw material was taken out from Azerbaijan. By 2005 the company "AZERSUN HOLDING" has build Imishly Sugar Factory "Azerbaijan Kur Production Union" LTD.
The enterprise is the largest in region and the only in the Transcaucasia. For maintenance of factory with raw material and crop of a sugar beet, the territory in the size in 16,000 hectares is allocated.
The total area of crops will reach 65,000 hectares. Daily manufacture of 650 tones of granulated sugar is planned.
Alongside with granulated sugar, about 30,000 tone of treacle and 175,000 tone of lymph will be produced at factory.
The produced lymph will be used as forage in animal industries.
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Tea is grown up in Lankaran, Astara, Masalli and areas Zagatala of republic. In the end of 80th years of 20th century tea plantations covered the area of 14 ths.ãà.
Annual gathering made about 30 thousand tons of production. Since then the area under crops of tea has decreased, and now makes 3600 hectares. From them of 1900 hectares are in Lankoran, 1350 hectares - in Astara.
Manufacture of leaves of green tea also has decreased up to 1200 tons in 2005.
Needs of the population are mainly provided with import tea. Nevertheless, Azerbaijan has favorable climatic conditions for cultivation of tea, and at appropriate investments it would be possible to use the existing potentials for increase in manufacture of tea.
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Tobacco in republic is grown up basically in Shaki - Zagatala, Lankaran - Astara economic regions and Nakhchivan AR.
The population of these areas possesses wide experience in sphere of cultivation. Basically grades "Samsun", "Itiyarpaq", "Trabzon" are grown up.
Last years manufacture of tobacco in Azerbaijan constantly decreased. The reason of it is connected on the one hand with reduction of areas under crops, on the other hand - with reduction of productivity.
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Silkworm-breeding is traditional branch of agriculture of Azerbaijan. Since ancient times Azerbaijan, especially Shaki, Shirvan, Karabakh silk have received popularity in many countries of the world.
Until recently cultivation of a silkworm was one of the basic kinds of manufacture and employment of the population in many areas of Azerbaijan.
Till 90th years of 20th century in Azerbaijan 4.000-6.000 tons of cocoon every year were prepared. In such areas as Balakan, Shaki, Kakh, Zagatala, Goichai and Nakhchivan ÀR in a year the volume of preparations reached 350-600 tons of a cocoon in each of these areas.
In Agdash, Oguz, Gabala, Ujar, Zardab, Yevlakh, Ter-Ter and in other areas in a year 100-220 tons of a cocoon were prepared. In each of the set forth above areas for cultivation of a cocoon there are forage reserves, items of reception and drying of a cocoon.
In some areas also grenage factories are available.
The population of the listed areas has good skills in sphere of preparation of cocoons.
In Azerbaijan there are also wide material opportunities for processing of a silkworm.
The capacity of Shaki Silk Combine is the largest in the Caucasian region. At presence of corresponding investments Azerbaijan has greater opportunities in the field of export of raw silk.
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The basic branch of animal industries is the cattle breeding, which covers 45 % of meat produced in the republic.
70 % of large horned livestock consists of cows and buffalos. In lowland areas and also in Shaki and Zagatala buffalos are kept, and in Lerik and Yardimli - meat and milk zebu.
Cattle breeding are developed in all areas of republic.
In republic many enterprises operate in meat-milk industry. These enterprises are located in Baku, Ganja, Sumgait, Mingachevir and other large cities.
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Sheep breeding also is traditional branch of animal industries, and covers 20 % of meat produced in republic.
Basically, the most part of the sheep herds are located in mountain and foothill areas of republic.
Bred grades are mainly mountain merino, sheeps grades "Balbas", "Garabakh", "Gala".
Considering fast growth of a livestock of sheeps, small expenses of a forage and work for their maintenance, greater popularity among local population of the mutton meat, sheep breeding is cheap and profitable branch of animal industries.
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In Azerbaijan there are many facilities, engaged beekeeping. Basically the beekeeping is developed in mountain and foothill areas of republic.
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PRODUCTION of the AGRICULTURE
Plant cultivation